Warning

Take swabs prior to antibiotic therapy. Check previous microbiology results, allergies and drug interactions.Penicillin Allergy:
• Penicillin allergy is documented in over10% of patients but the nature of allergy is often uncertain (not a true allergy).
• True allergy (anaphylaxis) occurs in under 1% of patients and is a barrier to all beta-lactam antibiotics.
• History of a rash or mild symptoms could still allow the use of cephalosporins or carbapenem antibiotics.

Consider delayed antibiotic prescriptions.



Important tips for UTIs

See SIGN 160

• Only use a dipstick in females under 65 years.
• Never dipstick a catheter specimen.
• UTI diagnosis in females under 65 years requires 2 or more urinary symptoms and positive nitrites on dipstick.
• Do not treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in non-pregnant females of any age.
• Consider self management with NSAID / delayed antibiotic prescribing if only mild UTI symptoms in non-pregnant women.

Recurrent UTIs

  • Women should be advised to aim for fluid intake of 2.5L per day.
  • In sexually active women consider STI screen.
  • Consider offering women an alternative to spermicide-containing contraceptives.
  • Prophylactic antibiotics should only be used (with caution) for short periods (3-6 months) after self-care approaches have been unsuccessful.

Unsure if LRTI or UTI

PONitrofurantoin and POAmoxicillin

If penicillin allergic:PO Co-trimoxazole

Lower UTI (males and non-pregnant females)

PO Trimethoprim or PO Nitrofurantoin

If renal impairment (eGFR <30):PO Ciprofloxacin 500mg 12hrly

Duration: 3 days (females) or 7 days (males)

Lower UTI pregnant females

  • Always perform culture.
  • Short term nitrofurantoin is unlikely to cause problems to the foetus.


1st line: Nitrofurantoin (1st or 2nd trimester only) 50mg 4 times daily or 100mg MR BD

2nd line: Amoxicillin (if susceptible) 500mg TDs or Cefalexin 500mg BD

Duration: 7 days

Upper UTI/pyelonephritis (males and non-pregnant females)

  • Upper UTI without sepsis

PO Trimethoprim OR PO Ciprofloxacin 500mg 12hrly

Duration: 7 days

Epididymo-orchitis

  • Offer STI screen if sexually active.

35 years or over: PO Ofloxacin 400mg daily

Under35 years old: PO Doxycycline 100mg BD

Duration: 14 days

Catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI)

Antibiotic treatment if one of the following:
• New onset costovertebral tenderness
• Rigors
• New delirium
• Fever

Change catheter prior to antibiotic treatment

Nitrofurantoin 100mg MR BD (or 50mg 4 times daily) or Trimethoprim 200mg BD

Duration: 7 days

If signs of sepsis urgent admission to hospital

Acute prostatitis

PO Trimethoprim or PO Ciprofloxacin 500mg 12hrly

Duration: 14-28 days minimum

Bacterial vaginosis

Metronidazole 400mg BD for 7 days or Tinidazole 2g OD for 2 days)

Note: less relapse with 7 day course

Editorial Information

Last reviewed: 09/01/2022

Next review date: 09/01/2024

Reviewer name(s): J. Van Aartsen.